What is decreased bone density?
Decreased bone density, also known as osteopenia or osteoporosis, is a common condition characterized by porous, brittle bones that are more susceptible to fractures. This happens when old bone tissue is removed from the skeleton faster than new bone tissue is produced.
Over time, decreased bone density leads to the gradual loss of bone mass and microarchitecture deterioration. As bones become less dense, they weaken and break more easily. Even mild stresses like bending over or coughing can cause a fracture. The most common fracture sites include the hips, wrists, and spine.
What causes decreased bone density?
There are several risk factors that contribute to this "silent disease," including:
Other medical conditions like type 1 diabetes, gut issues inhibiting nutrient absorption, and anorexia can also impact bone health. The use of certain medications like prednisone long-term increases bone loss as well.
How is decreased bone density diagnosed?
The medical diagnosis is made using a bone mineral density (BMD) test called a DEXA scan. This special X-ray compares your bone density to that expected in a healthy young adult. From this, your doctor determines if you have normal bone density, osteopenia, or osteoporosis based on World Health Organization definitions.
People with certain risk factors may need routine screening every 1-2 years. Early detection is key!
What are the treatment options available?
The main goals of treatment are preventing further bone loss and reducing fracture risk. Options may include:
The good news? Increased bone loss is preventable and treatable through early intervention. Consult your physician if you have ongoing risk factors or concerns about your bone health over the years. Maintaining strong, healthy bones is essential as we age!
This answer provides general education on decreased bone density only. Those with bone health concerns should always defer to the guidance of their physician for personalized recommendations.