Obesity is defined as having an excessive amount of body fat that increases the risk of other health issues. The most common way to determine if someone is obese is by calculating their body mass index (BMI). A BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese.
Obesity happens when a person's calorie intake exceeds the calories they burn through normal bodily functions and physical activity over an extended period. There are many factors that can contribute to obesity, including:
- Genetics: Some people inherit a predisposition to gain weight more easily. Genes can impact appetite hormones, metabolism, distribution of body fat, and other factors.
- Diet: Regularly eating more calories than you burn from foods high in fat, calories, and processed ingredients increases obesity risk.
- Physical inactivity: Not getting enough exercise to balance out the calories consumed can lead to weight gain over time.
- Certain diseases and medications: Conditions like hypothyroidism or Cushing's disease can slow metabolism and make weight loss difficult. Some medication side effects also encourage weight gain.
- Psychological factors: Things like emotional eating, stress, anxiety, depression can trigger overeating and obesity in some cases.
- Environment: Easy access to high-calorie processed foods and lack of access to healthy affordable options promotes obesity rates. Long work hours and sedentary lifestyles also play a role.
The impacts of obesity can be serious. Being significantly overweight increases your risk for chronic illnesses like
heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, arthritis, breathing issues, and certain cancers. It can also negatively impact mood, self-esteem, and quality of life.
Fortunately, obesity can often be improved through lifestyle changes like:
- Adopting a regular exercise routine
- Following a nutritious, balanced diet
- Getting enough sleep
- Managing stress
- Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol
- Speaking to a doctor about additional treatments or weight loss medications if needed
The key is finding a sustainable long-term approach tailored to your individual health needs and abilities. Even a 5-10% reduction in body weight can lead to major health benefits. Support from professionals and loved ones improves success rates as well.
With commitment and consistency, achieving a healthy weight is possible.